The AZERBAIJAN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY him{it}. N.Narimanova, Baku, conducts a history with 1930. Plots doctors of all main{basic} trades. In 1991 ok. 8 thousand students.

The AZERBAIJAN PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE, Baku, is based in 1921. In 50-60-Ñ on the basis institute a number{series} of pedagogical high schools is built. Plots teachers - predmetnikov for high school, teachers of physical training, tutors of preschool establishments, etc. In 1991 ok. 8 thousand students.

The AZERBAIJAN OPERA AND BALLET THEATRE him{it}. M.F.Ahundova, is open{discovered} in Baku in 1920, with 1959 academic. Performances in the Azerbaijan and Russian tongues.

The AZERBAIJAN UNIVERSITY him{it}. M.E.Rasulzade, Baku, is based in 1919. Plots experts on mathematics, mechanics, physics, chemistry, biology, geology, geography, a history, philology, the right, oriental studies, library science, journalism. In 1991 ok. 13 thousand students.

The AZERBAIJAN TONGUE, falls into oguzskoj to group of Turkic tongues. The official language of Azerbaijan. Ancient writing and writing of Azerbaijanians in Iran and some other states of the Near East on the basis of Arabian schedules{charts}. In Azerbaijan writing on the basis of Russian schedules{charts}, in 1991 the law on restoration of the Azerbaijan alphabet with a latin graphics (used in 1929-39) is adopted.

"AZERBAJDZHANFILM" him{it}. Dzh. Dzhabarly, a film studio art and documentaries in Baku. It is based in 1923. Among films: " Twenty six commissioners " (1933), " the Arshin is small lactamic acids " (1945), documentary " Subjugators starving " (1959), "Interrogation" (1979), " Before the closed door " (1981), " Other life " " CHertik under a windshield " (both 1987), " Private{Individual} visit to german clinic " (1988). Issues art and documentaries.

AZERBAIJANIANS (the self-title - azerbajdzhanlylar, azeriler), people, the main{basic} population of Azerbaijan (5,8 million person, 1992). Live also in Iran (10430 thousand person), the Russian Federation (336 thousand person), Georgia (307 thousand person), Kazakhstan (90 thousand person), Armenia, etc. countries. An aggregate number over 17,2 million person (1992). Tongue Azerbaijan. Moslems - shiity believing main{basic}.

AZERINFORM, news agency at Council of Ministers of Azerbaijan. It is based in 1920 as branch of GROWTH, about 1921 Azerbaijan telegraphic agency; the modern title with 1972. An exchange text and the photoinformation with foreign organs of the mass information.

AZEF Evno Fishelevich (1869-1918), one of osnovatelej and leaders of a consignment eserov, its{her} Battle organization, the provocateur, with 1893 secret employee of Department of police. The chief of some terroristic acts. In 1901-08 has given polices of many eserov. In 1908 V.L.Burtsevym is unmasked and has concealed{hidden}.

The ASIAN DEPRESSION, range of a low atmospheric pressure above Asia, the centre above plateau of Iran. Shows more often in the summer.

The ASIAN LOCUST, subspecies of a migratory grasshopper, set true saranchovyh, the pest of many agricultural and wild - plants in Eurasia, the Sowing. To Africa. Grey - yellow-green or green, length of 29-59 mm.

The ASIAN GAMES, the largest complex{integrated} sporting competitions of countries of Asia. Are carried out{conducted} from 1951 times in 4 years (in 2 years after Olympic Games). The federation of the Asian games (it is based in 1949) integrated in 1991 national Olympic committees ok. 30 countries.

The ASIAN ANTICYCLONE (the Siberian anticyclone), range of a high atmospheric pressure with the centre above JUzh. Siberia and Mongolia; shows primarily in the winter. Predominance is connected to the Asian anticyclone clear cool malosnezhnoj winters.

The ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK (AzBR; Asian Development Bank), regional interstate bank on long-term crediting designs of development in countries of Asia and Pacific basin. It is based in 1965. Headquarter in manilla (Philippines). To kon. 1980th in AzBR entered{included} 47 states. The largest shareholders AzBR - Japan, the USA, China. The main{basic} borrowers - Bangladesh, Pakistan, India.

The ASIAN MUSEUM, research establishment; collection of manuscripts in different eastern tongues and the library of books on oriental studies. It is based in 1818 in St.-Petersburg. In 1930 on the basis the Asian museum and of some other vostokovednyh establishments the Institute of oriental studies AN the USSR (about 1991 Russian Academies of Science) has been built.

The ASIAN - AMERICAN STRAIN, see. Mongoloidnaja strain.

AZIDES, contain one or several groups - N3. Inorganic azides - salt azotistovodorodnoj acids HN3; the majority of them, napr., lead azide, blasts out at a flick.

AZIZ NESIN (Aziz Nesin) (an ice-film. Name Mahmud Nusret) (r. 1915), the turkish writer, the satirist and the humorist, the playwright. Numerous collections of stories " the Elephant on name Hamdi " (1955), "Good fellow" (1959) " Long live fatherland " (1975), satirical novels " King of football " (1957), "Zjubjuk" (1961).

AZIMZADE Azim Aslan ogly (1880-1943), the Azerbaijan schedule{chart}, the national artist of Azerbaijan (1927). The writer ostrosatiricheskih the drawings, laid foundation Azerbaijan satirical the schedule{chart} (a series " Phylums of aged Baku ", 1937).

AZIMOV (Asimov) Isaac (1920-92), the American writer - visionary, the popular writer of science. A series of novels, including " the Base and Empire " (1952), " the Edge of the Base " (1982), " the Base and the Earth " (1986), about downfall of galactic empire and a birth of the new social system. The central theme of the novel " gods " (1972) - without morals conducts rationalism to harm. Popular scientific books ("Universe", 1966, etc.). The autobiography " While is fresh memory{remembrance} " (1979).

AZIMOV Pigam Azimovich (r. 1915), Turkmen jazykoved, the academician (1951) and the president (1966-75) AN Turkmenii. Transactionses on Turkmen linguistics, problems of word-formation.

AZIMUTH (the arab. An ace - sumut, mn. Hours from an ace - samt - a path{route}, a direction) object, a direction, an angle (azimuth) between a meridian plane of a view point and a vertical plane passing through this point and observable object. It is read out from a north (in a geodesy) or from the south (in astronomy) clockwise from 0 up to 360 °. At definition t. n a magnetic azimuth instead of a plane of geographical meridian take a plane of a magnetic meridian.

AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS, map projections, parallels of which normal grid - concentric circles, and line of longitudes - their radiuses missing from the general centre parallelej under angles, equal differences in longitude. Normal azimuthal projections are applied to maps of polar countries, cross and skew azimuthal projections - for maps of earth hemispheres, mainlands, the sidereal root, moon, etc. planets.

AZINE DYES, hinoniminovye the dyes, derivative phenazine (formula I). Leathers and textiles in colours from red up to steep black, and also as desensitizers in a photo are applied to a paper dyeing.

AZNAVUR (Aznavour) Charles (an ice-film. A name and fam. Varenag Aznavurjan or Aznaurjan) (r. 1924), the French chansonnier, the composer and a film actor. On a platform since 1940th. The writer of songs (since 60th their orkestruet P.Moria), music to movies. It was taken out in films: " the Devil and ten precepts ", etc. Repeatedly went on tour in the USSR.

AZNAKAEVO, city (with 1987) in the Russian Federation, Tatarija, in 34 kms from zh.-d. An item. JUtaza. 34,3 thousand inhabitants (1992). A crude production and gas. The alimentary enterprises.

AZNAURI, the Georgian noblemen (since 5 century). With apposition of Georgia to Russia have received rights of the Russian noblemen.

"ELEMENTS", a sailing capital ship of Russian VTR. For the first time in a history of domestic fleet for battle differences in Navarinskom battle 1827 it is awarded Georgievskim with an ensign.

AZOVO-SIVASHSKOE ZAPOVEDNO-HUNTING, on Ukraine, the Kherson region, on about. Birjuchy. It is built in 1957 on the basis Azovo-Sivashskogo reservation (1927). The area 30121 ga, a dry matter - 8921 ga. Steppe Polynno-zhitnjakovaja. Waterborne and waders, an East deer.

The AZOV MILITARY FLOTILLA, existed{breathed} in April - June 1918, March 1920 - June 1921, led operations against the German occupiers, flotillas of general Vrangelja. It is newly founded in Great Domestic war; in July 1941 - April 1944 acted the Azov and Black seas. On its{her} base the Danube military flotilla has been derivated.

The AZOV MARCHINGS 1695-96 Russian armies and fleets led by Peter I during russko-turkish war 1686-1700 as a result of which Azov (1696) has been taken.

The AZOV FLEET, is built by Peter I in kon. 1695 - May 1696 on the rivers about Voronezh for actions on the Azov m. (the sailing ships{spacecrafts}, galery). Has played a main role in taking of Azov (1696). After Prutskogo a marching (1711) it is deleted.

The AZOV COSSACK ARMY, 1828-1864, is built from the cossacks who have come back from Zadunajskoj Sechi. It is lodged (up to 6 thousand person) on northwest a shore of the Azov m. In 60th the main body is moved on the Sowing. Caucasus.

AZOV the PEST (dr .-ðóñ. - Surozhskoe the pest), in the south of East European plain. Kerchenskim prol. It is paired to Black m. 39 t. êì2. Depth up to 15 m. Large zal.: Taganrog, Sivash. Run large rr. Don and Kuban. Solidifies for 2-3 months. Fishery (an anchovy, tjulka, a bream, a sandre). Primary ports: Mariupol, Taganrog, Yeysk, Berdyansk. Health resorts. As a result of man impacts the environmental setting has worsened; search of scientifically reasonable ways of restoration of natural complexes of the Azov m is conducted.

The AZOV SEAT, the defence the Don and Zaporozhye cossacks of strength Azov taken for the Turk in 1637. In 1641 cossacks have maintained osadu, in the summer 1642, having blasted strengthening, have abandoned Azov. It is reflected in the military story built on Don, - " the Story poetic " (1642).

AZO DYES, see. Azo compounds.

AZOLSKY Anatoly Alekseevich (r. 1930), the Russian writer. It is published with 1987 though many products{creations} are written earlier. In stories ("Stubs", 1993; " Berlin - Moscow - Berlin ", 1994; " War on the pest ", the "Cell", both 1996) and novels ("Stepan Sergeich", 1987; " the Lingering outrigger boom ", 1988) reverts to social - moral problems and conflicts of duties of the Soviet history. The collection of stories " the Legend about Travkine " (1990).

AZOMETINOVYE DYES, the organic dye keeping in a molecule azometinovye groups (-CH=N-). Apply primarily in a colour photography. Connections azometinovyh dyes with metals (azometinovye) use pigments at a staining of plastics materials and polyolefin fibres, in polygraphy.

The AZONAL VEGETATION, meets as inclusion in zonal vegetation, napr., meadows in bottom lands of the rivers of semideserts and deserts.

AZONALNOST (from a - a negative prefix and grech. zone - a belt, a zone), distribution{propagation} any natural the phenomena outside of communication{connection} with zonal features of the given terrain. It is routinely stipulated by geologic structure, tectonic a mode, morfostrukturoj a relief, etc. internal causes. Inquests azonalnosti - distinctions{differences} in a climate, a water relationships, soils and the organic world. Most brightly shows in mountains.

AZORES (Acores), in Atlantic ok., to the west from Pirenejskogo p-ova. Terrain of Portugal. Ok. 2,3 thousand êì2. The population of 237 thousand person (1991.9 islands of a volcanic origin and some reefs. An altitude up to 2351 m (about. To peak). Ever-green forests and subtropical crops. An administrative centre and a port - Pontus - Delgada.

AZORSKY the ANTICYCLONE, a stationary value range of a high atmospheric pressure above subtropical and tropical areas Atlantic ok. In Boreal hemisphere.

AZO COMPOUNDS, the organic compounds keeping azo-group - N=N-, the bound with 2 hydrocarbon radicals. Receive restoration of nitro compounds, a diazocoupling, etc. Aromaticheski azo compounds use as azo dyes for a staining of textiles, leathers, papers, furs, plastics materials.

DIAZOCOUPLING, obtaining of azo compounds by interaction of diazo compounds with arylamines, phenols, etc., napr.: C6H5N2CI+C6H5OH - C6H5N - NC6H4OH+HCI. Apply to synthesis of azo dyes.

NITROGEN (an armour. Nitrogenium), N, chemical element V of group of a periodic system, atomic number 7, atomic weight 14,0067. The title from Grecian a - a negative prefix and zoe - life (does not sustain respiration and burning). Free nitrogen will consist of 2-nuclear molecules (N2); gas without colour and an odor; firmness 1,25 g/l, tïë - 210 °C, têèï - 195,8 °C. it is chemical rather inert, however reacts with complexes of transition metals. The main{basic} component of air (78,09 % of volume) which division receive industrial nitrogen (more than 3/4 goes on synthesis of ammonia). It is applied as an inert atmosphere to many production processes; liquid nitrogen - hladagentnyj nitrogen - one of the main{basic} biogenic elements, included in proteins and nucleic acids.

NITROGEN OXIDES: gemioksid N2O and monoxide NO (colourless gases), seskvioksid N2O3 (a blue liquid), dioxide NO2 (brown gas, at a usual terms mix NO2 and his{its} dimer N2O4), oxide N2O5 (colourless crystals). N2O and NO - not salifilable oxides, N2O3 with water gives nitrous acid, N2O5 - nitric, NO2 - their mix. All nitrogen oxide are physiologically awake. N2O - a means for narcosis ("laughing gas"), NO and NO2 - intermediate products in manufacture of a nitric acid, NO2 - an oxidant in a fluid propellant, smesevyh the explosive, the nitrating agent.