ALEJZHADINJU (Aleijadinho, characters. - small the cripple, nickname Antoniu Fransisku Lisboa) (1730 or 1738-1814), the Brazilian architect and the sculptor. Has been spoiled with a leprosy. Worked, attaching instruments to gloves. The representative of serotinal{late} Baroque. A front (1757-77) churches of Bonds - ZHezus-di-Matozinjus in Kongonjase, a sculpture (1780-1805).

ALEUKIA (from a - a negative prefix and grech. leukos - white), the same, that an agranulocytosis.

ALEUKIA ALIMENTARNO-TOXIC, a poisoning as a result of the use in I peep products from the overwintered cereals, contaminated a mushroom of a stem fuzarium. The apparatus of a hemopoiesis is struck primarily. Often the consecutive infection is joined.

ALEJKSANDRE (Aleixandre) Visente (1898-1984), the spanish poet. Surrealistic verses, anti-fascist verses of the season{term} of the Civil war (1936-39). Collections " the Last birth " (1953), " the History of heart " (1954), " Internal dialogues " (1974) - philosophical lyrics. Memoirs (the collection of "Meeting", 1958). The Nobel Prize (1977).

ALEYNIKOV Vladimir Dmitrievich (r. 1946), the Russian poet. In verses - philosophical motives, a theme of Russia. In the Soviet epoch it was not published almost. Collections of verses: "Predvecherje" (1987), " Selection of the word " (1987), " Travelings of memory{remembrance} of Rimbaud ", " Echoes of holidays " (both 1990), etc.

ALEYNIKOV Peter Martynovich (1914-65), the Russian film actor. Inexhaustible optimism, wit, infectious cheerfulness of his{its} heroes have made Aleynikov one of liked actors 30-40-Õ. It was taken out in films: " Seven courageous ", "Komsomolsk", "Tractor operators", " Major life ", "Pipit - Gorbunok", " Utolenie thirst ", etc. Film " Peter Martynovich and years of major life " (1976) is dedicated Aleynikov Creativity.

ALEJRODIDOVYE (belokrylkovye), a section of hexapods of order of the scale. Length routinely 1-2 mm. St. 200 kinds{views}, predominary in tropics. Larvas hothouse, citrous and strawberry belokrylok especially harmful.

ALEURONE GRANULES (from grech. aleuron - a meal) (protein granules), colourless spherical proteinaceous educations in cells of soft tissues of plants, primarily in seeds. Will be derivated from drying vacuoles.

ALEJSK, city (with 1939) in the Russian Federation, Altai territory. A depot. 30,6 thousand inhabitants (1992). A food-processing industry. Metal-working plant.

ALEKIN Oleg Aleksandrovich (1908-95), the Russian scientist - gidrohimik, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1953). Transactionses on chemistry of natural waters. The state premium of the USSR (1951).

ALEKPEROV Alesker Gadzhi Aga ogly (1910-63), the Azerbaijan actor, the national actor of the USSR (1961). On the scene with 1927, with 1933 at the Azerbaijan theatre him{it}. Azizbekova (Baku).

ALEKPEROV Vagit Jusufovich (r. 1950), the Russian businessman. In 1970-80-Ñ worked on oil fields in Azerbaijan and Zap. Siberia. In 1990 deputy minister petroleum and gas industry of the USSR. With 1993 president of Russian petroleum company " LUKOIL ".

ALEXANDER (Alexander) Denton Eugene (r. 1917), American genetics, foreign member VASHNIL (1970). Has created lines and hybrids of corn with high productivity and a heightened protein content.

ALEXANDER (Alexander) James Uendell (1888-1971), the American mathematician. The main{basic} transactionses fall into topologies, algebraic geometry, a function theory. The upper boundary operator with which help has placed{installed} (1923) law of duplicity for the closed sets superjacent in the topological spaces has entered into topology. Has offered (1935) concept of a cohomology.

ALEXANDER Semjuel (1859-1938), the English philosopher, the representative of neo-realism, one of osnovatelej theories emerdzhentnoj evolution.

ALEXANDER TUNISIAN (Alexander of Tunis) Harold Rupert (1891-1969), columns (1952), the British field marshal (1944). In 2-¯ world war from 1943 commanding 18-th and 15-th army groups in Tunis and Italy, since December 1943 commander-in-chief an allied troops on the Mediterranean battlefield. In 1952-54 Minister of Defence.

ALEXANDER Frants (1891-1964), the American doctor and the psychologist, the chapter of the Chicago school of a psychosomatic medicine, developed problems of correspondences between organic diseases and phylums of emotional conflicts.

ALEXANDER, in the Grecian mythology name Parisa when he with shepherds also did not know cable cores about the origin.

ALEXANDER, in the Grecian mythology name Parisa when he with shepherds also did not know cable cores about the origin.

ALEXANDER (17 century), inok Rostov Borisoglebskogo a monastery, the writer zhitija Saint startsa Irinarha Rostov.

ALEXANDER I GEORGIEVICH (?-1511), tsar Kaheti with 1492. Struggled with irano-turkish aggression, in 1491-92 has directed amicable embassy to Russia. In nach. 16 century the vassal of the Iranian check.

ALEXANDER I KARAGEORGIEVICH (1888-1934), with 1921 king of Yugoslavia (up to 1929 Kingdom of Serbs, horvatov and Slovenes). In 1929 has placed{installed} military - monarchic dictatorship. Conducted velikoserbskuju internal policy, in foreign policy has oriented by France. It is killed in Marseilles (together with the French Minister for Foreign Affairs L.Bart) ustashami.

ALEXANDER II (Alexander) (before election Anselm from Lucca) (mind{wit}. In 1073), a dad Roman with 1061. Studied for Lanfranka in Beke; diocesan of Lucca (1057). It is selected a dad kardinalskoj board in a balance weight appointed as emperor Genrihom to IV anti-pope Gonoriju. In cooperation with Gildebrandom (a dad Grigory VII) and Peter Damiani has laid foundation the future to motion of reforms in the Latin church.

ALEXANDER II (?-1605), tsar Kaheti with 1574. Struggled with the Iranian aggression. In 1587 has sworn on an accuracy Russian I reign to Feodor Ivanovichu. It is killed under the order of the Iranian check.

ALEXANDER III (?-1181), Pope with 1159. Aspired{tried} to a supreme authority of the papacy above society sovereigns. In extirpation with Fridrihom I Barbarossa sustained Lombardskuju league.

ALEXANDER VI (1431-1503), Pope with 1492. In 1493 has emited bulls about section of spheres of influence in Western hemisphere between Spain and Portugal (see. Tordesiljassky agreement 1494). Sustained aggressive plans of son Chezare Bordzha. Political opponents removed with the help of a poison and a dagger. In 1497 otluchil from church Savonarolu, promoted his{its} execution.

ALEXANDER VII (Alexander) (in world Fabio Kidzhi, Fabio Chigi) (1599-1667), a dad Roman with 1655. During thirteen flying was the papal nuncio in Cologne (with 1639), a cardinal bird and the stats-secretary of Vatican (1652). Has confirmed decree Innokentija X condemning jansenizm. At a nem attitudes{relations} with Lui XIV who has selected Avignon for Papal States have worsened.

ALEXANDER VIII (Alexander) (in world Pjetro Ottoboni, Pietro Ottoboni) (1610-1691), a dad Roman with 1689. A cardinal bird (1652) and diocesan Breshii (1654). Has achieved an improvement of relations with Lui XIV, has returned Avignon; has assisted Poland and Venice in their extirpation with Turkey.

ALEXANDER Adrianopolsky (Eastern) (3 century), diocesan, the martyr. Memory{remembrance} in Orthodox and in the Latin church on October, 22.

ALEXANDER (mind{wit}. 326 or 328), sacred, diocesan Alexandria (313). Struggled with schism Meletija and arianism; on a cathedral in Alexandria ok. 321 otluchil Arius and it{him} posledovatelej from Church; one of main figures of 1-st Ecumenical council in Nicea in 325. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on May, 29 (on June, 11), in Roman catholic on April, 18.

ALEXANDER Afrikansky (mind{wit}. ok. 250), the Christian martyr - soldier damaged in persecution of emperor Detsija. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on April, 10 (23).

ALEXANDER BATTENBERG, see Battenberg And.

ALEXANDER Vochsky, Galichsky (mind{wit}. In nach. 16 century), Saint, the founder of the Preobrazhenskiy monastery on coast r. Vochi in 50 versts from Galich. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on March, 27 (on April, 9).

ALEXANDER KIND (?-1432), Moldavian gospodar with 1400. Promoted a strengthening of independence of the Moldavian state, successfully struggled against the tatar khans, Polish and Hungarian feudal lords, encouraged trade and promoted development of cities.

ALEXANDER Djakon (1674-1720), the old believe figure, the outlet box, the prior of a monastery of St.. Lawrence on Kerzhentse; the founder of the consent djakonovtsev (novokadilnikov). It is executed in Nizhni Novgorod.

ALEXANDER Egipetsky (mind{wit}. 361-363), the Christian martyr - soldier damaged in persecution of emperor of Julian of the Renegade. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on July, 9 (22).

ALEXANDER Egipetsky, Kesarijsky (Palestinian) (mind{wit}. 303), a name of each of two martyrs damaged in Cesarea Palestinian in the persecution of emperor Diokletiana. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on March, 15 (28).

ALEXANDER (mind{wit}. 250 or 251), sacred, diocesan Jerusalem (212). Pupil Klimenta Alexandria. In persecution of emperor Detsija it committed to prison, where has died. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on May, 16 (29) and on December, 12 (25), in Roman catholic on March, 18.

ALEXANDER from Antioch on the Meander (nach. 2 century up to n. e.), the ancient greek sculptor, son Mendida. Unique known product{creation} of this master - a statue of Venus Milosskoj on which dado the fragmented signature of the writer was saved.

ALEXANDER from Gelsa (Alexander Halensis) (ok. 1170 or ok. 1185-1245), the philosopher, the representative avgustinovskogo platonizma, the franciscan. Taught in Paris. In it{him} to " the Sum of theology " inheritance Aristotelja was used.

ALEXANDER KAZIMIROVICH (1460-1506), grand duke Lithuanian with 1492, king Polish with 1501. Son Kazimira IV. At a nem the authority of magnates has amplified. In 1505 has entered the canopy of laws - Radomskuju the constitution. As a result of wars with Russian state (1492-94, 1500-03) Lithuania has lost earlier entrapped Russian grounds (Verhovskie principalities, Chernigov, etc.).

ALEXANDER Katalitsky (Kalitsky) (mind{wit}. In nach. 4 century), the Christian martyr, the smith damaged in persecution of emperor Diokletiana. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on September, 28 (on October, 11).

ALEXANDER Komansky (mind{wit}. In kon. 3 century), the martyr, diocesan. Having taken up exploit jurodstva, was the coal miner in Komanah; it is dedicated in diocesans by Grigory Chudotvortsem. In persecution of emperor Diokletiana for confession of the Christ it incinerated. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on August, 12 (25), in Roman catholic on August, 11.

ALEXANDER Konstantinopolsky (mind{wit}. ok. 430), Saint, the founder of mansions of acoemetaes ("not covering") on Euphrates, then in Constantinople in which continuous night-and-day worship service was committed. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on February, 23 (on March, 8) and on July, 3 (16), in Roman catholic on January, 15.

ALEXANDER MIHAJLOVICH (1301-39), grand duke Tver with 1326 and vladimirskiy in 1326-27. In vain struggled with Ivan I Kalitoj for a grand-ducal table. It is killed in Golden Horde.