AMPLITRON (from an armour. amplifier - the booster and... A throne), the electronic device of magnetron type for a distributed amplification of microwave oscillations.

VOLTAGE (from an armour. amplitudo - value), the greatest deviation{rejection} of value oscillating on the fixed law from average value or from some value conditionally adopted for null; see. Sinus-wave oscillations.

PROBABILITY AMPLITUDE, the same, that wave function.

AMPLITUDE MODULATION, the periodic{batch} magnitude variation of oscillations with frequency, it is significant smaller, than frequency of oscillations. It is applied in radio engineering (especially in broadcasting), optician, soundman, etc.

AMPLITUDE-FREQUENCY CHARACTERISTIC (frequency characteristic), relation of voltage of oscillation on an output of the device from frequency of an input harmonic signal. It is measured on a frequency drift permanent on an input amplitude. The amplitude-frequency characteristic shows, how his{its} separate wave constituents are transmitted, and allows to evaluate distortions of his{its} spectrum.

The AMPLITUDE ANALYZER of pulses, the device for presence of the partition law of voltages of electric pulses. It is applied, napr., in radiolocation and radio communication at the analysis of complex waves.

The AMPLITUDE DISCRIMINATION CIRCUIT, the device for secretion (selection) of electrical signals which voltage exceeds some preset level (operating threshold).

AMPLIFICATION (from an armour. amplificatio - expansion), a stylistic figure: pumping in the text synonymic tropov or recurring uniform{homogeneous} designs (words) (" I the secret premeditation caressed, suffered, pined and suffered affliction ", M.J.Lermontov).

ROLE (frants. emploi, characters. - application), rather resistant phylums of theatrical roles conforming to age, appearance and style of the game of the actor: the tragedian, the comedian, the hero - the lover, the soubrette, inzhenju, travesti, the gawk, rezoner, etc. In 20 century this concept grows out of use.

The AMPULA (an armour. ampulla), 1) hermetically a soldered glass vessel with a fine-bored neck for conservation in a sterile condition of medicinal solutions, etc. 2) In anatomy - bladder-like expansion of any tubate organ.

AMPUTATION (from an armour. amputatio - blocking off), a surgical operation - removal of a peripheric part of an organ (extremities are more often); it is applied at a gangrene, a permanent injury, etc.

AMRITA (sanskr. Immortal), in induistskoj mythologies a special drinking, the elixir of immortality procured by gods from ocean in the beginning of creation.

AMRITSAR, city in northwest of India, pieces. Punjab. 709 thousand inhabitants (1991). Textile, machine-building, a chemical industry. It is known manufacture of tissues, carpets, metal wares, bones, leathers. It is based in kon. 16 century. The main religious centre sikhov. " The golden temple " sikhov (it eroded in 1761, then recovered{restored}).

AMRUSH (Amrouche) Jean El Muhuv (1906-1962), the algerian poet. The initiator of the algerian literature in French. The collection " Berberskie songs Kabilii " (1939), epichesky skaz " Immortal the Yogurt " (1946), a patriotic poem " Algerian battle " (1958, it is published 1962).

AMSDORF (Amsdorf) Nikolay (1483-1565), the closest friend and employee Luther.

AMSTERDAM (Amsterdam), capital of Netherlands. 695 thousand inhabitants (1990, with suburbs over 1 million inhabitants). A port on Boreal m. (freight turnover over 20 million ò). International airport Shiphol. A machine industry (air, ship-building, electronic), chemical, oil refining, polygraphic, a farmaceutical industry. Traditional jeweller manufacture, almazogranenie. Underground railway. 2 universities. State and urban museums, Dwelling Rembrandta. Ok. 50 channels, 500 bridges. Games of IX Olympic (1928). For the first time it is mentioned in 1275. In 17 century the centre of trade and the credit of world value. In 1795-1806 capital Batavskoj of republic, later - the Netherlands kingdom. Gate Sint-Antonisport (nowadays a historical museum, 15-17 centuries); Gothic Aged church (osn. In 13 century) and New church (15-16 centuries); Boreal and Eastern churches (both - 17 century).

AMSTERDAMSKO-ROTTERDAMSKY BANK (Amrobank; Amsterdam-Rotterdam Bank N. V.), the business bank of Netherlands heading financial group - Amrogruppu. It is based in 1964.2 head offices and 760 branches in country. Foreign subdividings more than in 20 countries, including representation in Moscow. Has majority sharing{participation} in 4 foreign banks. Enters into an international bank grouping. In kon. 1980th the sum of assets, an ownership capital and profit compounded{made} accordingly [billion guldens (billion dol. The USA)]: 168,1 (84), 6 (3) and 3,4 (1,7).

AMT (amt), an administrative and territorial unit (district) in Denmark.

AMTMAN-BRIEDIT (Amtmanis-Breditis) (Amtmanis-Brieditis) Alfreds (1885-1966), the Latvian producer, the actor and the teacher, the national actor of the USSR (1953). On the scene with 1903. With 1919 at the Latvian theatre him{it}. Upitsa (Riga, with 1944 artistic administrator). The professor of the Latvian conservatory (with 1949). The state premium of the USSR (1948, 1950, 1951).

AMTORG (Amtorg Trading Corporation), the joint-stock company established in 1924 in New York; the commission agent - intermediary of foreign trade operations between the USA and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) (up to 1991 from the USSR).

AMUAJ (Amuay), city and a petroexport port in Venezuela. Ok. 5 thousand inhabitants. Annual freight turnover 40 million t. Oil processing.

AMUDARINSKY RESERVATION, in Turkmenii. It is based in 1982. The area 50000 ga. In a valley r. Amu Darya and adjacent areas Zaunguzskih of Kara Kum. A Bukhara deer, a Middle Asian gazelle; a pheasant, etc.

AMUDARINSKY KLAD, golden and silver things (only 177 subjects) and coins (1300 pieces) 4-2 centuries up to n. e. It is retrieved in 1877 for ford on r. Amu Darya (Tadjikistan).

AMU DARYA, (Amu, Oks, Balh), the river in Compare. Asia. 1415 kms, the area of basin of 309 thousand êì2 (about one . Kerki). It will be derivated by interflow Pjandzha and Vakhsh; the m. runs in Aral, derivating delta (in the shallow seasons{terms} does not reach it{him}). Average discharge of water for. Kerki ok. 2000 m3 / with. It is used for an irrigation (channels Karakumsky, Amu-Bukhara, etc.). On the average flow Kyzylkumsky reservation. In a lower reaches fishery. Regular navigation from Chardzhou. Near to Amu Darya - Urgench, Nukus, Termez.

AMULET (from an armour. amuletum) (apotropej, has protected), a subject which, on superstitious submissions, is capable to guard his{its} master from disasters.

AMULY (an armour. Amulius), in Roman mythology tsar Albian stages Longs, expelled the brother Numitora and devoted in vestalki his{its} daughter I Hover Silviju, afterwards given birth twins Romula and Rema.

AMUNDSEN (Amundsen) Rual (1872-1928), the Norwegian polar traveller and the explorer. First has passed Northwest passage on vessel "Joa" from Greenland to Alaska (1903-06). Supervised over expedition to Antarctic Region on vessel "Fram" (1910-12). First has reached{achieved} the South Pole (14.12.1911). In 1918-20 has passed along boreal coasts of Eurasia on a vessel of "Modes". In 1926 supervised over the first flight through an arctic pole on an airship "Norway". Has perished in Barentsevom m. during searches of italian expedition of U.Nobile.

AMUNDSENA the BAY, the Sowing. Ledovitogo ok., between coasts of continental Canada and islands Banks and Victoria. Length of 445 kms, width up to 213 kms, depth up to 285 m. A large part of year it is coated{obtected} with ice.

AMUNDSENA the HOLLOW, in the Sowing. Ledovitom ok., between hr. Lomonosov and Gakkelja. Length ok. 2000 kms, width of 200-400 kms, depth up to 4485 m.

AMUNDSENA the PEST, Quiet ok., for coasts of Antarctica, between 100 and 123 °z. d. The area of 98 thousand êì2, depth up to 585 m. It is coated{obtected} with ice.

AMUNDSEN-SKOTT (Amundsen-Scott) (Pole), the American midland polar station (with 1957) in area of the Austral geographycal pole, at the altitude 2800 m.

AMMUNITION (polsk. amunicja, from an armour. munitio - strengthening, equipment), subjects (belts, ascuses, etc.), facilitating to servicemen wearing of weapons, an ammunition; in the Russian Army call as military equipment. Horse ammunition - subjects for zaprjazhki, sedlovki and vjuchenija animal.

CUPID (Cupid), in Roman mythology the godhood of love. Corresponds{meets} Grecian Erotu.

CUPID (mong. Jara - Muren, a whale. Heilongjiang), the river on the Far East. It will be derivated by interflow rr. Shilka and Argun. Runs into Amurense firth Ohotskogo in m. Length of 2824 kms, from a headstream of Argun (Hajlar) - 4440 kms, the area of basin of 1855 thousand êì2. The large part of basin falls at terrain of the Russian Federation. A feed predominary from aestivo-autumnal monsoon rains. Average discharge of water 10900 m3 / with (the greatest 40000 with a summer in high waters). Floods are characteristic. Main inflow: Zeya, Bureya, Amgun - at the left, Sungari, Ussuri - on the right. It is navigable. On Amur - Blagoveshchensk, Khabarovsk, Komsomolsk-na-Amure, Nikolaevsk - na-Amure. Fishery. Across Amur passes a part of border{limit} of the Russian Federation with China.

AMURO-YAKUTIYA MAIN, railway Berkakit - Tommot - Yakutsk. 830 kms. Is under construction with 1985.

AMURRU, see. To March.

AMURSANA (1722-57), one of sovereign princes Ojratskogo hanstva, the figure of antimanchurian liberation movement in Mongolia in 50th of 18 century. Has headed revolt in Dzungaria. In 1757 ran to Russia where has died.

CUPID - SANAN Anton Mudrenovich (1888-1939), kalmyksky the writer. The autobiographical story " Mudreshkin the son " (1925), story "Aranzal" (1932), " In steppe " (1935). It is repressed; it is rehabilitated posthumously.

AMURSK, city (with 1973) in the Russian Federation, Khabarovsk kr., landing stage on r. Amur. 59,6 thousand inhabitants (1992). Lesopilno-wood-working and tselljulozno-cardboard combines.

The AMURENSE MILITARY FLOTILLA, is officially built in 1906 for the defence of border{limit} of Russia on rr. Amur and Ussuri. During the Civil war it has been seized by Japanese interventionists, in 1920 it is recreated. Participat in operations in the season{term} of the sovetsko-Chinese conflict 1929, in Manchurian 1945 operation.

The AMURENSE RANGE, in the Russian Federation. 363,7 thousand êì2. The population of 1074 thousand person (1991), urban 68 %. 10 cities. 33 urban settlements (1991.) Center - Blagoveshchensk. A large part of terrain gorista, in the south - plain Zejsko-Bureinskaja. Mean temperatures of January from-24 up to-33 °S, July 18-21 °S. A rainfall of 800-900 mm annually. The main river - Amur. Lesopokrytaja the area - 65 % of terrain. An industry: mining (gold, coal), wood, wood-working, electrotechnical, machine-building, alimentary. Zejskaja a river plant. The main{basic} farming area of the Far East. Crops grain (wheat, an oat, barley), a soya bean; a potato growing, a vegetable raising. Meat-and-milk animal husbandry; beekeeping, a deer - raising, a fur farming. A hunt. On terrain the Transsiberian and Baikal-Amur trunk lines pass. Navigation across Amur, Zeya, Bureya, etc.

The AMURENSE BAY, for a northwest coast a hall. Peter the Great Japanese m. Length ok. 65 kms, width of 9-20 kms, depth up to 20 m. A port - Vladivostok.

The AMURENSE GOOSEBERRY, kind{view} of an actinidia.

The AMURENSE FIRTH, predustjevaja a part r. Amur, in a north of the Tatar prol., between continental Asia and boreal part about. Sakhalin. Length ok. 185 kms, width up to 40 kms, depth of 3-4,5 m.

The AMURENSE COSSACK ARMY, is built in 1858 in Priamurje and Primorski Krai (the centre - Blagoveshchensk). In 1889 from him{it} it is secured{discharged} Ussurijskoe the Cossack army. In 1916 population of 49 thousand person, ok. 970 thousand tithes of ground. In 1-¯ world war has exhibited 2 horse shelf, 7 horse hundreds, 1 battery. In 1918 it is abolished.

PLAIN AMURSKO-ZEJSKAJA, in basins of the rivers Amur, Zeya (and its{her} inflow Selemdzha and Urkan), in the Amurense region. An altitude up to 904 m. A surface gently rolling. Larch and pine forests.

CUPIDS, non-proprietary name of 2 stems of fishes of a set karpovyh - a white amur - fish and a black amur - fish. Length up to 1,2 m, weigh up to 32 kg. In the rivers of China and bass. Amur. Are acclimatized in the European part of Russia and Compare. Asia. Object of a craft and cultivation.