ALEXANDER MIHAJLOVICH (1866-1933), the Russian grand duke, the grandson of emperor Nikolay I, admiral and general - aide-de-camp (1909). In 1901-05 glavnoupravljajushchy a merchant shipping and ports. Participated in building Russian aircraft. In 1916-17 field general - inspector of air-force fleet. With 1918 in emigration.

ALEXANDER Nikopolsky (Armenian) (mind{wit}. ok. 319), one of a magpie of five Christian martyrs damaged in Nikopol Armenian in the persecution of emperor Litsinija. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on July, 10 (23).

ALEXANDER Sevastijsky (mind{wit}. ok. 320), one of a magpie sevastijskih martyrs.

ALEXANDER the NORTH (Alexander Severus) (208-235), Roman emperor with 222, from a dynasty Severov. In 231-232 waged successful war with Persia.

ALEXANDER Tomsky (Kjustendzhijsky) (mind{wit}. In kon. 3 - nach. 4 century), the chief of the city administration, father prepodobnomuchenika Astiona Almirisskogo. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on July, 7 (20).

ALEXANDER the MOSAIC (2 century up to n. e.), a floor-stand mosaic in the dwelling of the Faun in Pompeii with the plotting of battle Alexander the Great and Darija III at Isse. Probably, from Alexandria. Repetition of a well-known pattern of Grecian artist Filoksena (kon. 4 century up to n. e.). Now in the Archeologic museum in Naples.

ALEXANDER FEDOROVNA (an ice-film. Name Alisa Giessen - Darmshtadtskaja) (1872-1918), the Russian empress, wife Nikolay II (with 1894). In 1918 it arrested. Rasstreljana together with family in Ekaterinburg.

ALEKSANDRAVICHJUS Pjatras Povilo (r. 1906), the Lithuanian sculptor, the national artist of Lithuania (1956). Bright iconic modes{images} of figures of the Lithuanian crop ("J.Zhemajte", 1950). The state premium of the USSR (1951).

ALEKSANDRESKU (Alexandrescu) Sike Vasil (1896-1973), the Romanian producer. In 1947-67 chief of National theatre (Bucharest). Promoted the statement{confirmation} of national repertoir, development of realistic traditions.

ALEXANDRETTA (Alexandretta), the Grecian title Iskenderun.

ALEKSANDRI (Alecsandri) Vasil (1821-1890), the Moldavian and Romanian writer, the theatrical figure, the collector of folklore. The participant of Revolution 1848 in Walachia. Ostrosatiricheskie antipetty-bourgeois comedies " JAssy during a carnival " (1852), " Kiritsa in a province " (1852), patriotic lyrics, collection "Dojny" (1843-53).

The ALEXANDRIA LIBRARY, the collection of handwritten books largest in an antiquity (from 100 up to 700 thousand volumes). It is based in nach. 3 century up to n. e. At Alexandria musejone. The part of the Alexandria library has burned down in 47 up to n. e., the part is deleted in 391 n. e., residues - in 7-8 centuries.

The ALEXANDRIA POETRY, ancient greek poetry of epoch ellinizma (3-1 centuries up to n. e.), it is called on the main centre - Alexandria (Egyptian). Loss of civilization of the content and monumentalism of the form; interest to private{individual} life; a rational reflection and "learning", i.e. gravitation to a tongue and mythological stylization, refined - mysterious expression of idea, - distinguishing features of the Alexandria poetry. Main representatives: Kallimah, Feokrit, Apollonias Rodossky, Leonid Tarentsky.

The SENNA (Senna), leaves of some kinds{views} of plants of a stem a senna, apply in medicine as a purgative.

ALEXANDRIA MUSEJON (grech. museion - a temple of muses), set{combination} of scientific and educational establishments, one of the main centres of science and crop of an antiquity. It is based in Alexandria in nach. 3 century up to n. e., it is liquidated by Roman emperor Avrelianom in 272-273.

The ALEXANDRIA VERSE (from an Old French poem about itself), the French 12-composite verse or Russian 6-ñòîïíûé jamb (with a caesura after 6-th syllable) with twin rhyming; the main{basic} dimension of large genres in the literature of a classicism.

ALEKSANDRINSKY THEATRE, see. The Russian academic drama theatre him{it}. A.S.Pushkin.

ALEXANDRITE, mineral, hromsoderzhashchaja a version of chrysoberyl. At a natural lighting emerald-green, at synthetic - violet-red. Phaeochrous diaphanous crystals in mass over 2-3 karat - precious stones of 1-st class.

ALEXANDRIA (Al-Iskandarija), city and port in Egypt, on Mediterranean m., an administrative centre muhafazy Alexandria. 3,2 million inhabitants (1990). The large transport, commercial and industrial centre of country. A port capacity ok. 20 million t. Oil refining, chemical, cement, textile, a machine industry. University. It is based in 332-331 up to n. e. Alexander the Great. At Ptolemies (305-30 up to n. e.) capital of Egypt and the centre ellinisticheskoj crops. One of the main centres of early christianity. In 7 century has transfered under an authority of arabs. One of the centres of national-liberation motion against the British colonialism in 1-st floor. 20 century. Monuments of the architecture of antique time; it is a lot of mosques (17-19 centuries), palaces (19-20 centuries). Museums of greko-Roman antiquities, fine arts.

ALEXANDRIA (Alexandria), city in the south of Romania, an administrative centre zhudetsa Teleorman. 53 thousand inhabitants (1986). A machine industry and metal working, textile, a food-processing industry.

ALEXANDRIA (Alexandria), city on the orient the USA, suburb of Washington. 111 thousand inhabitants (1990). The historical and cultural and tourist centre, the bound with life and activity Dzh. Washington (a dwelling - museum, a monument).

ALEXANDRIA, city on Ukraine, the Kirovograd region, on r. Ingulets. A depot. 105 thousand inhabitants (1991). Production of brown coal. Electromechanical, a handling equipment factories, etc. It is based in it is grey. 18 century.

ALEXANDERS, city (with 1778) in the Russian Federation, the Vladimirskiy region. A railway junction. 68,3 thousand inhabitants (1992). Manufacture of television receivers; a light industry. It is known from 14 century as Aleksandrovskaja a large village, in 2-nd floor. 16 century a residence of Ivan Terrible, the centre oprichniny. In 1578 in Aleksandrove - one of the first Russian printing houses (has emited "Psalter"). Troitsky a cathedral (1513), Uspensky a monastery (17 century).

ALEKSANDROV Alexander Vasiljevich (1883-1946), the Russian composer and the choral conductor, the national actor of the USSR (1937), the general - major (1943). The organizer (1928) both the artistic administrator of Band songs and dancings of the Soviet Army. The writer songs " Sacred war " (1941). The state premium of the USSR (1942, 1946).

ALEKSANDROV Alexander Danilovich (r. 1912), the Russian mathematician, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR 1964). In 1952-64 rector I LIE. The main{basic} transactionses on geometry and its{her} appendices, the groundings of a relativity theory and philosophy of natural sciences. The state premium of the USSR (1942).

ALEXANDERS (Alexanders - Fedotov) (an ice-film. fam. Fedotov) Alexander Nikolaevich (1901-73), the Russian circus performer, the national actor of Russia (1963). The acrobat, the trapeze artist, the ringmaster of wild animals.

ALEKSANDROV Alexander Pavlovich (r. 1943), the Russian astronaut, a pilot - astronaut of the USSR, doubly the Hero of Soviet Union (1983, 1987). Flights on "Soyuz T-9" and orbital station " Salute - 7 " (June - November 1983), " Soyuz TM-3 " and an orbital complex "World" (July - December 1987).

ALEKSANDROV Alexander Panajotov (r. 1951), a pilot - astronaut of Bulgaria. The hero of National Republic Bulgaria (1988), the Hero of Soviet Union (1988). Flights on the Soviet spacecraft " Soyuz TM-4,-5 " and an orbital complex "World" (June 1988).

ALEKSANDROV Alexander Petrovich (1906-81), the engineer - builder, doubly the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1952, 1961). In 1952-66 site manager Tsimljanskogo of a hydraulic project, the head of department of construction of dextral coast "Kujbyshevgidrostroja", chief "Volgogradstroja", the main Soviet expert on structure Asuanskoj of a dam in Egypt, in 1966-77 deputy minister of energetics and electrification of the USSR.

ALEKSANDROV Anatoly Nikolaevich (1888-1982), the Russian composer, the national actor of the USSR (1971). Opera " Áýëà " (1945), 14 sonatas for a piano, string quartets, a vocal suite "Accuracy" (1950), romances. The professor of the Moscow conservatory (with 1926). The state premium of the USSR (1951).

ALEKSANDROV Anatoly Petrovich (1903-94), the Russian scientist, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1953), president AN the USSR (1975-86), triply the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1954, 1960, 1973). One of osnovatelej domestic nuclear power. Has developed anti-mine protection of the ships{spacecrafts} (together with other). Transactionses also on dielectrics, electrical and to mechanical properties of polymers. The lenin premium (1959), the State premium of the USSR (1942, 1949, 1951, 1953). A golden medal him{it}. Lomonosov AN the USSR (1978).

ALEKSANDROV Boris Aleksandrovich (1905-94), the Russian composer and the choral conductor, the national actor of the USSR (1958), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1975), the general - major (1973). Son A.V.Aleksandrova. In 1946-86 artistic administrator of Band songs and dancings of the Soviet Army. Among compositions - ballet "Lefthander" (1954), an operetta " Wedding in the Robin " (1937). The lenin premium (1978), the State premium of the USSR (1950).

ALEKSANDROV Boris Kapitonovich (1889-1973), Russian hydraulic engineerings, corresponding member AN the USSR (1953). The main{basic} transactionses on power use of the large rivers of the European part of the USSR. The writer of design Kamskogo of a hydraulic project.

ALEKSANDROV Veniamin Veniaminovich (1937-91), the Russian sportsman, the deserved master of sport (1963). The champion of Olympic Games (1964, 1968), the world (1963-68), Europe (1958-60, 1963-68), the USSR (1956, 1958-61, 1963-66, 1968) on ice hockey.

ALEKSANDROV George Nikolaevich (r. 1930), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991). The main{basic} transactionses under the theory of corona discharge, probe of electric strength of air spaces, building of glass-fibre insulators of airlines of power transmissions (LEP) and sub-stations.

ALEKSANDROV George Fedorovich (1908-61), the Russian philosopher, academician AN the USSR (1946). Transactionses on a history of philosophy and sociology. The state premium of the USSR (1943, 1946).

ALEXANDERS (an ice-film. fam. Mormonenko) Grigory Vasiljevich (1903-83), the Russian film director, the national actor of the USSR (1948), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1973). One of creators of a genre of the Soviet musical comedy film. Films: " Cheerful guys " (1934), "Circus" (1936), "Volga - Volga" (1938), " the Light path{route} " (1940), "Spring" (1947), " Long live Mexico! " (1931-32, together with S.Ejzenshtejnom and E.Tisse; it is completed Aleksandrovym in 1979), " Love Orlova " (1983, together with E.Mihajlovoj), etc. Professor VGIKa (with 1951). The state premium of the USSR (1941, 1950).

ALEKSANDROV Eugeny Borisovich (r. 1936), Russian physics, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1992). The main{basic} transactionses on quantum optic. The state premium of the USSR (1978).

ALEKSANDROV Ivan Gavrilovich (1875-1936), Russian energeticses and hydraulic engineerings, academician AN the USSR (1932), academician VASHNIL (1935). The participant of scheduling GOELRO. The writer of design Dneprogesa.

ALEKSANDROV Cyril Sergeevich (r. 1931), Russian physics, the academician of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; academician AN the USSR with 1984). The main{basic} transactionses on phase changes in crystals, primarily in ferroelectric materials. The state premium of the USSR (1989).

ALEKSANDROV Maxim Leonidovich (r. 1939), the Russian scientist, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Science (1991; corresponding member AN the USSR with 1987). The main{basic} transactionses in range of systems of diagnosis of a surface and automation of scientific probes.

ALEKSANDROV Pavel Sergeevich (1896-1982), the Russian mathematician, the founder of scientific school on topology, academician AN the USSR (1953), the Hero Socialist Transactionses (1969). Transactionses on topology, set theory, function theories. The state premium of the USSR (1943).

ALEKSANDROV Peter Akimovich (1838-1893), the Russian attorney. The defence attorney on political processes ("193", etc.). As defence attorney V.I.Zasulich (1878) promoted its{her} justifying by court.

ALEKSANDROVSK, the title of. Belogorsk in the Russian Federation, the Amurense region, in 1926-35.

ALEKSANDROVSK, city (with 1951) in the Russian Federation, the Perm region. A depot (Save). 20,3 thousand inhabitants (1992). Machine works, etc.