e premte, 11 maj 2007

  • ACRIDIC DYES, dyes of the yellow and orange colour, derivative an acridine. Apply to a staining of a leather, a paper, wood, etc.
  • ACRYLIC ACID, CH2=CHCOOH, a colourless liquid with pungent odour, têèï 141 °C. Use for obtaining poly(acrylic acid) and different copolymers, acrylates.
  • ACRYLIC FIBER{FILAMENT}, the same, that a polyacrilic fiber.
  • ACRYLIC VARNISHES (acrylic varnishes), solutions of polyacrylates or their derivative in organic solvents. Will derivate sveto-, atmosfero-and a moisture-resistant coating with good adhesion to metal. Apply to anti-corrosion protection of aluminium and his{its} alloys; enamel colours on the basis of acrylic varnishes - for furnish of airplanes, automobiles{cars}, etc.
  • ACRYLONITRILE, CH2=CHCN, a colourless liquid, têèï 77,3 °C. Raw material in manufacture of polyacrylonitrile{PAN}, butadiens - butadiene-nitrile rubbers, ABS-plastic, etc. copolymers.
  • AKRITY, loose peasants - soldiers in eastern areas of Byzantium, oboronjavshie borders{limits} from arabs and the Turk - seldzhukov.
  • ACROBATICS (from grech. akrobateo - I walk on tsypochkah, I climb up), 1) a kind{view} of physical exercises such as gym. 2) the Genre of a circus art (acrobatics power, pryzhkovaja, etc.). 3) the Kind{View} of sport (see. Sporting acrobatics).
  • AKROJD (Ackroyd) Peter (r. 1949), the English poet and the prose writer. Novels " the Major London fire " (1982), " the English music " (1992), " the Dwelling of the doctor of Dee " (1993). Biographic books about T.Chattertone, C.Dickens, O.Uajlde, T.S.Eliot, etc.
  • ACROLEIN, CH2=CHCHO, a colourless liquid with a sharp aroma, têèï 52,7 °C. Acrolein - raw material for obtaining many products of organic synthesis. The strong lachrymator.
  • ACROMEGALIA (from grech. akron - an extremity and megas, a stem. Item meg-alu - major), the endocrine disease stipulated by exuberant production of a growth hormone, primarily at an adenoma of a hypophysis. Arises predominary post termination growth of an organism: increase of extremities, a mandible, etc.
  • ACRON (Akron), city on north-east the USA, pieces. Ohio. 223 thousand inhabitants (1990, with suburbs of 690 thousand inhabitants). Machine-building, metal-working, chemical, bus, a printing industry. University.
  • ACROPETAL GROWTH (from grech. akron - top and an armour. peto - I direct), development of branches, leaves, etc. parts of a plant in a direction from the grounding to top therefore more pullet{more young man} parts place closer to top, and aged - to the grounding. Compare. Bazipetalnoe development.
  • AKROPOLIT George (1217-82), great logofet at a yard of the byzantian emperor; the writer of the chronicle circumscribing events from seizure of Constantinople latinjanami before discharging by his{its} Michael VIII Paleologom (with 1204 on 1261), doctrinal and rhetorical compositions.
  • ACROPOLIS (grech. akropolis), a raised and reinforced part of ancient greek city, t. n. The upper city; strength (a shelter on an event of war). The Acropolis in Afinah.---is most known
  • AKROSTIH (grech. akrostichis, characters. - kraestishie), a poem in which initial characters of verses (lines) will derivate the word or a phrase (often a name of the writer or the addressee of a poem).
  • AKROTERY (grech. akroterion), a sculptural dressing (a statue, a palmette), placed above angles of a frontispice of an architectonic structure.
  • AKSAJ (up to 1968 settlements. Kazakhstan), city in Kazakhstan, the Western - Kazakhstan region. A depot (Kazakhstan). 20,8 thousand inhabitants (1991). Factories: bricky, kombajnoremontnyj.
  • AKSAJ, city (with 1957) in the Russian Federation, the Rostov region, on r. Don. A depot. 33,6 thousand inhabitants (1991). Chemical, glass, a canning industry.
  • AKSAKAL (from the turki. ak - white and sakal - a beard), the chapter of a stem, the elder, the respectable person in Compare. Asia and on Caucasus.
  • AKSAKOV Alexander Nikolaevich (1832-1903), the Russian scientist, nephew S.T.Aksakov. Has laid foundation to probe of occult phenomena in Germany and Russia, especially mediumizma and spiritism (the composition " the Animism and spiritism ", t. 1-2, 1890). Emitted in Leipzig a monthly " Psychische Studien " (1874-99).
  • AKSAKOV Ivan Sergeevich (1823-86), the Russian publicist and the public figure. Son S.T.Aksakov. One of ideologists slavjanofilstva. The editor of newspapers "Day", "Moscow", "Russia", the log-book " Russian conversation ", etc. In 1840-50-Õ supported cancellation of serfdom. Within russko-turkish war 1877-78 organizer of campaign for discharging of slavs of a turkish yoke.
  • AKSAKOV Konstantin Sergeevich (1817-60), the Russian publicist, the historian, the linguist and the poet. Son S.T.Aksakov. One of ideologists slavjanofilstva. Supported cancellation of serfdom at conservation of a monarchy.
  • AKSAKOV Nikolay Petrovich (1848-1909), the Russian orthodox seminary student, the historian and the canonist. The compositions justifying necessity of transformations{conversions} in Russian church. The member of a commission of St.. Synod on preparation of a church cathedral.
  • AKSAKOV Sergey Timofeevich (1791-1859), the Russian writer, corresponding member Petersburg AN (1856). In the autobiographical book " the Family chronicle " (1856) and " the Childhood of the Bagrova-grandson " (1858) - a panorama "usadebnoj" life kon. 18 century, formation nursery showers, pathetic poetry of a nature. " The note about fishing of a fish " (1847), " the Note of the rifle hunter... " (1852).
  • AKSAKOV A.F., cì. Tyutchev A.F.
  • AKSAKOVO, a urban settlement in the Russian Federation, Bashkiria. A depot. 2,6 thousand inhabitants (1991). Klimatokumysolechebnyj a health resort. Bliz Aksakovo there was S.T.Aksakov manor.
  • FIGURED VELVET (from grech. - from six filaments), an arcaded dense fleecy tissue handmade from silk and prjadenoj a golden or silver filament. Figured velvet reminds a velvet. It is known in Russia from a far antiquity, it{him} imported from Byzantium.
  • ACCELERATOR, adjuster of quantity of the combustion-mixture acting{going} at cylinders of an internal-combustion engine. It intended for a frequency drift of rotation of the bank of the engine (travelling speed of the transport machine).
  • ACCELERATOR (from an armour. accelero - I accelerate) (booster), the economic parameter defining communication{connection} between a gain national income (or end production) and volume of investments. It is applied at construction of macroeconomic models of economic growth together with an intensifier.
  • ACCELERATION (acceleration) (from an armour. acceleratio - speedup), 1) in developmental biology - speedup of formation of separate parts of a germ at a fixed stage of development (napr., a precocious development of the stomatic apparatus for fishes and the anurans, a feed ensuring them after exhaustion of reserves of a yolk). 2) In anthropology - speedup of growth and a puberty of children and adolescents as contrasted to precedent generations. The last 100-150 flying is supervised in economically developed countries.
  • ACCELEROMETER (from an armour. accelero - I accelerate and... Meter), a gauge meter of speedups (overcharges) of flight vehicles, etc.
  • " AKSEL SHPRINGER FERLAG a HORIZ " (Axel Springer Verlag AG), newspaper and publishing concern in Germany, the largest in Zap. To Europe. Hamburg is based in 1947 A.Shpringerom. About 1970 joint-stock company.
  • AIGUILETTE (a nem. Achselband), a filar strand of rope (golden, silver or colour) with metal tips. The aiguilette for the first time is entered in armies Zap. Europe in it is grey. 17 century, in Russia - 1762. In Russian and foreign armies a fitting of the form of clothes{clothing} of aide-de-camps, officers of the General Staff and gendarmes. In Armed forces of some countries - a fitting of a full dress of clothes{clothing} of staff of companies of a guard of honour and participants of military parades.
  • AXELROD (Axelrod) Dzhulius (r. 1912), the American pharmacologist. Probeed the mechanism of action of the substances which are blocking out realization of nervous impulse in synapses. The Nobel Prize (1970, together with B.Katsem and U.Ejlerom).
  • AXELROD (literary psevd. An orthodox) Love Isaakovna (1868-1946), the Russian philosopher and the literary critic. With 1892 adherent of marxist group " Discharging of transactionses ", with 1903 menshevik, in nach. 1917 member of a Central Committee menshevikov. Transactionses on a history of german philosophy, criticism neokantianstva and empiriokrititsizma. In the last years of life was engaged in sociology of art.
  • AXELROD Pavel Borisovich (1850-1928), the participant of the Russian revolutionary movement. With nach. 70th the populist, the member a mug "chajkovtsev". In 1883 one of osnovatelej groups " Discharging of transactionses ". With 1900 member of edition of "Spark". With 1903 one of leaders of Menshevism. October revolution 1917 has met in a hostile way; has emigrated. One of leaders of 2-nd Internatsionala.
  • AKSENENOK George Aleksandrovich (1910-89), the Russian lawyer, corresponding member AN the USSR (1966). Transactionses under the land and collective-farm right.
  • AKSENOV Vasily Pavlovich (r. 1932), the Russian writer. Son E.S.Ginzburg. One of leaders t. n. The confessional prose using a urban youth slang: the story of "Colleague" (1960), the novel " the Sidereal ticket " (1961). Irony and satyr in stories " the Overstocked with goods cooperage " (1968). The experimental novel " Searches of a genre " (1978). With 1980 lives abroad. Novels "Burn" (1980), " the Island Crimea " (1981), stories, the book about America " In searches sad bebi " (1986).
  • AKSENOV Vladimir Viktorovich (r. 1935), the Russian astronaut, a pilot - astronaut of the USSR (1976), doubly the Hero of Soviet Union (1976, 1980). Flights on "Soyuz - 22" (September 1976), "Soyuz T-2" and orbital station " Salute - 6 " (June 1980).
  • AKSENOVA Ogdo (Evdokija Egorovna) (r. 1936), dolganskaja the poetess. The collector of national folklore. Collections of lyrical verses "Baraksan" (1973), " Patterns of tundra " (1976; both with parallel transfer{translation} on Russian).
  • ACCESSORIES (frants. accessoire), a fitting something; the auxillaries attending something main, concomitant something subjects (at theatre - accessories - subjects of properties or the property, in fine arts - secondary, auxillaries of the plotting; accessories of a W.C. - the subjects adding a costume{suit}).
  • AKSY Solovetsky, Kashkarensky (17 century), Saint. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on August, 9 (22) (cathedral Solovetskih sacred).
  • AXINITE (from grech. axine - an axe; under the form of crystals), a mineral, borosilikat, Ca2 (Fe, Mn) Al2 [BO3] [Si4O12] (OH). Reddish, violet, etc. crystals, druses, masses. Hardness 6,5-7; firmness ok. 3,3 g / sm3. Meets basically in kontaktovo-metasomaticheskih and hydrothermal deposits.
  • AKSIOLOGIJA (from grech. axia - value and... logija), the doctrine about values.
  • POSTULATE (grech. axioma), the rule{situation;position} received without the logic proof by virtue of a direct cogency; a true home position of the theory.
  • POSTULATIONAL METHOD, way of construction of the scientific theory by the way systems of postulates (postulates) and the production rules (axiomatics) permitting by logic deduction to receive the statements{confirmations} (theorem) of the given theory.
  • HOG DEER, a cloven-hoofed animal of a set of deers. Length up to 1,5 m, an altitude up to 1 m. India, Sri Lanka, JUgo-Vost. Asia. It is acclimatized in a number{series} of places in Australia, JUzh. To America, etc. Dwells{Lives} in woods. 2 subspecies in the Red Data Book of the International union of nature protection and natural resources.
  • AXOLOTL, larva caundal amphibian - ambistom; it is capable to reproduction (see. Neotenija). In vivo sometimes does not turn to the adult form. Object of experimental activities.
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