e premte, 11 maj 2007

  • AKILINA Junior (mind{wit}. ok. 310), the Christian martyress damaged in Sinop (on Black sea) in persecution of emperor Maksimiana. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on April, 7 (20).
  • AKIM Jacob Lazarevich (r. 1923), the Russian nursery writer. Collections of verses: " are Always ready! " (1954), " Colour ogonki " (1963), " Spring, vesnoju, about spring " (1965), " Wash a valid siskin " (1971), " Wash brother Misha " (1986), " Pesenka in a wood " (1992), etc. The Collection of stories " the Dragon fly and lemonade " (1962).
  • AKIMOV George Vladimirovich (1901-53), fizikohimik, corresponding member AN the USSR (1939). Transactionses on metallic corrosion. The state premium of the USSR (1943, 1945, 1946).
  • AKIMOV Ivan Akimovich (1754-1814), the Russian historical painter. The representative of a classicism (" Grand duke Svjatoslav... ", 1773). First istoriograf Russian art.
  • AKINAK (grech. akinakes), short (40-60 sm) an iron sword of skiffs.
  • AKINDIN I Pechersky (mind{wit}. 1164), the abbot, pogreben in Long-distance (Feodosievyh) caves Kievo-Pecherskoj laurels. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on 2 Sunday on the Pentecost (a cathedral of all sacred, in ground Russian beamed).
  • AKINDIN II Pechersky (mind{wit}. 1235), archimandrite (1219) Kievo-Pecherskogo a monastery, the addressee of "Message" of the Polycarp serving with basis{fundamentals} Kievo-Pecherskogo paterika. Pogreben in Long-distance (Feodosievyh) caves Kievo-Pecherskoj laurels. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on August, 28 (on September, 10) and on 2 Sunday of quadragesima (cathedral Kievo-Pecherskih of fathers).
  • AKINDIN Nikomidijsky (mind{wit}. 303), the Christian martyr damaged in persecution of emperor Maksimiana. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on April, 18 (on May, 1) and on August, 22 (on September, 4).
  • AKINDIN Persian (mind{wit}. 341 or 345), the Christian martyr, court, damaged in persecution of tsar Shapura II. Memory{remembrance} in the Orthodox church on November, 2 (15).
  • AKINEZIJA (from and - a negative prefix and grech. kinesis - motion), absence of active motions owing to paralysises, pains, ainesias of joints, etc. the causes.
  • AKITA, city in Japan, on about. Honshu, an administrative centre pref. Akita. 304 thousand inhabitants (1991). Petrochemistry, a woodworking, nonferrous machine industry. University.
  • AKIHITO (r. 1933), emperor of Japan with 1989. The son of emperor Hirohito. With 1952 crown prince.
  • AKKA LARENTIJA (an armour. Acca Larentia), in Roman mythology esteemed as the godhood the wife of shepherd Faustula, wet nurse Romula and Rema. The holiday larentalii, marked in Rome on December, 23 has been dedicated her.
  • AKKAD (Agade), ancient city in Mesopotamia, to a southwest from the modern bagdad. The precise site{position} is not known. In 24-22 centuries up to n. e. The centre of the state, plugging Mesopotamia and Elam. The title then has transfered Akkad on all boreal part JUzh. Mesopotamias. Ok. 2200 up to n. e. It is routed gutijami.
  • AKKERMAN, the title belgorod - Dnestrovsky up to 1944.
  • AKKERMANSKAJA the CONVENTION, between Russia and Turkey (7.10.1826, Akkerman). 1812. Turkey supplemented the Bucharest world undertook to respect privileges of Moldova, Walachia and Serbia. Russia has received the right of free trade in terrain of Turkey and navigation in its{her} waters.
  • The ACCLAMATION (an armour. acclamatio - cry, exclamation), 1) acceptance or deviation{rejection} collection of any solution without voting, on the basis of reaction of participants (replicas, an applause, etc.). 2) Adaptation of organism to artificially built conditions. Sometimes the term "acclamation" is used as a synonym of the term "acclimatization".
  • ACCLIMATIZATION (from an armour. ad - to, for and a climate), the adaptation of living organisms to new ecological conditions, to new biocenoses. Acclimatization happens natural (migrations animal, transmission of seeds of plants animal in new places, etc.) and synthetic (after an introduction animal and plants). Acclimatized organisms can give vigorous offspring in new conditions. With reference to the person acclimatization - the adaptation to new climatic conditions.
  • AKKOLADA, see. The musical letter.
  • ACCOMODATION (from an armour. accommodatio - the adaptation, prinorovlenie), in biology and medicine the term, close to the term "adaptation" and used in fixed events. An accomodation of an eye - the adaptation to clear vision of the subjects located on different distances from an eye; an accomodation of erethitic tissues (nervous, muscle) - the adaptation to action slowly a stimulus building up on force, etc.
  • ACCOMPANIMENT (frants. accompagnement, from accompagner - to accompany), 1) with harmonic and rhythmic tracking of the main{basic} melodic voice. 2) Tracking in one or several instruments, and also an orchestra of a solo consignment (the singer, the instrumentalist, chorus, etc.).
  • CHORD (frants. accord, characters. - the consent), in music - combination of several notes of the different altitude, accepted as acoustical unity. Notes in a chord place primarily on thirds. Distinguish a triad, septakkord, nonakkord.
  • The LETTER OF CREDIT (from an armour. accredo - I trust), 1) a kind{view} of the bank account on which clearing settlements implement. 2) the Nominal securities certifying the right of a face in name of which she is written out to receive the sum indicated in her in a credit institution.
  • ACCREDITATION, in the international law - a procedure of destination of the diplomatic representative (or the resident representative of the state at any international organization). The term "accreditation" is used also concerning the journalists lighting those or other international conferences, meetings of chapters of the states, and also concerning representatives of the foreign firms working in other state.
  • AKKRETSIONNYJ a DISC, differentially rotated disc formed around of a space body during an accretion of substance with major (concerning this body) a moment of momentum. Because of abrasion between adjacent layers the substance akkretsionnogo a disc gradually settles on attracting body (t. n. A disk accretion). Akkretsionnye discs are found around of white dwarfs and neutron asters in double sidereal systems.
  • ACCRETION (from an armour. accretio - increment, increase), fall of substance on a space body under action of gravity. The accretion is accompanied by secretion of a gravitational energy. Efficacyy of energy release at an accretion on neutron asters in tens times more, than in nuclear reactions.
  • ACCULTURATION (English acculturation, from an armour. ad - to and cultura - education, development), process of an intercoupling of crops, perceptions one people in full or in part crops of other people.
  • The ACCUMULATOR (from an armour. accumulator - the collector), the device for accumulation of power with the purpose of its{her} consequent use. 1) the Accumulator will transform{reform} electrical power in chemical and at will ensures a reconversion; use as an independent{autonomous} source of electrical power (napr., on the transport). 2) the Hydraulic (air-operated{air-powered;pneumatic}) accumulator accumulates a liquid (gas) acting{going} from pompes (air engines), and returns her{it} at the moment of the greatest charges; use for pressure equalization or a rate of flow (gas) in hydraulic and pneumatic plants. 3) the Heat accumulator stocks heat (napr., at the expense of a pressure boots of fallow in the boiler), which can be expended (with a pressure pumped down) for cover{coating} of peaks of a thermal load. 4) The inertial energy-storage device will transform{reform} activity of external forces to a motive energy with its{her} consequent use, most often in the capacity of such accumulator apply a rotated fly wheel.
  • The ACCUMULATOR BATTERY, group of of the same type accumulators, coherent electrically and structurally for obtaining necessary values of a current and pressure{voltage;stress}.
  • ACCUMULATION (from an armour. accumulatio - a congregating in a heap, accumulation), 1) process of accumulation above ground a friable mineral and organic rainfall. Distinguish volcanic and sedimental accumulation (see. Osadkonakoplenie). 2) Accumulation (accumulation) of the capital - metamorphosis{transformation} of a part of a surplus value into the capital.
  • AKKURGAN, city (with 1980) in Uzbekistan, the Tashkent region, in 16 kms from zh.-d. An item. Kuchluk. 10,8 thousand inhabitants (1991).
  • ACMEISM (from grech. akme - the maximum degree something, blossoming force), flow in Russian poetry of 1910th (S.M.Gorodetsky, M.A.Kuzmin, early N.S.Gumilev, A.A.Ahmatova, O.E.Mandelshtam); has proclaimed discharging poetry from simvolistskih gusts to "theoretical", from a multivalence and flowability of the modes{images}, the complicated metaphoricalness, return to a material world, a subject (or physical agents of "nature"), to a precise word meaning. "Earth" poetry of acmeism separate modernist motives, tendency to estetizmu, kamernosti or to poetizatsii feelings of the pristine person are peculiar.
  • AK-MOSQUE, the title Kzyl-Orda in Kazakhstan in 1820-53.
  • ACMITE (from grech. akme - a point), a mineral, a brown spicular version of an aegirine.
  • AKMOLINSK (the Kazakh. - Akmola) (to 1961-92 Tselinograd), city in Kazakhstan, the centre of region Akmolinskoj, on r. Ishim. A railway junction. 286 thousand inhabitants (1991). A machine industry and metal working (factories: "Kazahselmash", pumping, car-repair, etc.), alimentary, a light industry; manufacture of a building materials, 4 high schools, theatre. Study of local lore and fine arts museums. It is based in 1830 as strength Akmola.
  • AKMOLINSKAJA RANGE, in Kazakhstan. 155,1 thousand in m2. The population of 794 thousand person (1991), urban 57 %. 6 cities, 12 urban settlements (1991). Adm. ts. - Akmolinsk.
  • AKMULLA Miftahetdin (1831-95), the Bashkir poet - educator; his{its} creative heritage also property of the tatar and Kazakh literatures. In verses expressed ideals of goods and justice, ridiculed faults znati.
  • AKMJANE (up to 1917 official title Okmjany), city (with 1956) in Lithuania. 3,6 thousand inhabitants (1990). It is known from 16 century.
  • AKOLLA (Acollas) Emil (1826-91), the French lawyer and the political figure. In days of the Commune of Paris decane of faculty of the right of the Parisian university. Transactionses on theory of law and a civic right.
  • ACONITE (fighter), stem of perennial grasses of a set of a crowfoot family. Ok. 300 kinds{views}, in a moderate belt of Boreal hemisphere. Are toxicant. Many aconites cultivate as the decorative. Klubni some kinds{views} use in medicine as febrifugal and an anaesthetic.
  • ACONCAGUA (Aconcagua), the highest top of Andes and all JUzh. America, in Argentina. 6960 m. Icehouses in length up to 6 kms.
  • AKOPJAN Akop (1866-1937), the Armenian poet, the national poet of Armenia and Georgia (1923). Revolutionary fervor proniknuta a poem " the New morning " (1909). Poems " Gods have started talking " (1922), "SHir-channel" (1924), "Volhovstroj" (1925), verses.
  • AKOPJAN Arutjun Amajakovich (r. 1918), the performer, the national actor of the USSR (1982). The positioner acts with 1940 as the illusionist.
  • AKOPJAN Korjun Arutjunovich (r. 1908), the Armenian architect, the national architect of the USSR (1980). Residential buildings (1949), stadium "Razdan" (1967-72, with co-authors), a sports - concert complex (1977-1983, with co-authors) - all in Yerevan. The state premium of the USSR (1987).
  • AKOSTA, (yes the Costa) (Acosta, da Costa) Uriel (ok. 1585-1640), the Netherlands thinker - freethinker of the jewish origin. For performances{statements} against dogmas of a judaism, belief in immortality showers has undergone to persuits, has committed suicide.
  • ACRE (English acre), a unit of area in system of the English measures. 1 àêð=4840 sq. ÿðäàì=4046,86 m2.
  • AKRI (Acre), staff in northwest of Brazil. 154 thousand êì2. The population of 417 thousand person (1991). Adm. ts. - Rio Branco.
  • ACRIDIC DYES, dyes of the yellow and orange colour, derivative an acridine. Apply to a staining of a leather, a paper, wood, etc.
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