" AMERIKAN BRODKASTING KOMPANI " (Ej-Bi-Si; American Broadcasting Company), one of three national ethereous commercial broadcasting companies the USA. It is based in 1943 (a television network in 1953), Washington. The Capital sitis " belongs to communication association ".

" AMERIKAN EARPHONE END TELEGRAPH " (American Telephone and Telegraph), the electrotechnical and electronic company the USA largest in country on extension{issue} of the low-current equipment. It is based in 1885. Issues a communication equipment, a computer, etc. electronics, maintains American and international circuits long-distance telephone and teletype exchange. Sales volume 35,2 billion dol., a net profit 1,7 billion dol., figure occupied in 304 thousand person (kon. 1980th).

" AMERIKAN ERLAJNS " (American Airlines), airline the USA, one of master in the world. " The American encyclopedia " operates services in Ka "AMERIKANA", see.

"AMERIKANA", see " the American encyclopedia ".

AMERICANISMS, words and the expressions borrowed from the American version of the English tongue, napr. In Russian "gangster".

AMERIKANOIDNAJA STRAIN, see. The American strain.

AMERICAN - MEXICAN WAR 1846-48, is attempted the USA. As a result of war the USA have trapped over 1/2 mexican terrains that has constituted almost 1/3 modern terrains USA.

The AMERICAN - PANAMA CONTRACTS 1903, 1936, 1955. By agreement 1903 USA have received for ever and ever a zone of the Panama terrain for a structure and operation of Panama canal; contracts 1936 and 1955 updated service conditions of the channel and his{its} zone.

The AMERICAN - PANAMA CONTRACTS 1977. Under the American - Panama agreements for Panama canal Panama establishes{sets} the sovereignty above the channel on January, 1 2000. Denunciation of all former American - Panama agreements, liquidation of a zone of the channel are provided, etc. Under the American - Panama agreements for the permanent neutrality and operation of the channel the USA together with Panama guarantee neutrality of the channel.

The AMERICAN - PHILIPPINE WAR 1899-1901, the USA against the Philippine Republic (it is professed in 1898), has reduced in fall last and to metamorphosis{transformation} of Philippines into possession the USA (in 1934 have received an autonomy, about 1946 independent state, see. Philippines).

AMERICAN - FRENCH AGREEMENT 1778, is signed in Paris in a period of war for independence in the Sowing. To America 1775-83. France promised to shadow " freedom, the sovereignty and independence " the USA in their extirpation with the Great Britain.

AMERICAN - JAPANESE CONTRACTS 1951, 1960. The agreement of safety 1951, is signed in San Francisco. According to the agreement the USA could have the armed forces and military bases in Japan. Agreement 1960 for the relative{mutual} cooperation and safety, is signed in Washington. Has substituted and has supplemented agreement 1951.

The AMERICAN ADMINISTRATION of the HELP, see "ARE".

The AMERICAN WHITE BUTTERFLY, the butterfly of a set of she-bears, a quarantine pest of fruit crops in the Sowing. To America and Europe. Side panels snow-white, often with hulls. Eats (caterpillars) leaves, entangles a web of a branch.

The AMERICAN STRAIN (amerikanoidnaja strain), enters in major mongoloidnuju strain. Combines alongside with mongoloidnymi attributes some evropeoidnye features (absence epikantusa, hardly prominent naze, etc.). It is distributed in the Sowing. And JUzh. To America (Indians). Some anthropologists consider{count} as its{her} do-it-yourself major strain. Since the part of the Asian population in epoch of Pleistocene (about 30 thousand up to AD) migrated flying on the ice bridge through Bering strait on the American continent.

The AMERICAN FEDERATION the TRANSACTIONS - CONGRESS of the INDUSTRIAL TRADE UNIONS (APHTHAS - KPP), the largest professional association in the USA, it is built in 1955 by interflow of the American federation of transactionses (it is based in 1881) and the Congress of industrial trade unions (is based in 1935). In structure of APHTHAS - a check point of 90 trade unions, over 14 million members (1993). Enters into the International confederated states of loose trade unions.

" The AMERICAN ENCYCLOPEDIA " ("Amerikana"; The Encyclopedia Americana), the generalpurpose encyclopedia in the USA, 1 izd. In 16 vol., 1903-04, New York. With 1918 it is emited (with the partial updating a material) publishing corporation " Ãðîëüåð ". In 30 volumes; over 60 thousand points. With 1923 the year-book " the American encyclopedia " leaves.

The AMERICAN GRIFFONS (the American condors), section of birds of order sokoloobraznyh. Length up to 112 sm, side panels in scope{span} up to 3 m. A head and a part of a neck naked. 1 set, 7 kinds{views} (including a condor), in America. Eat primarily an offal. Number is reduced. The Californian griffon - in the Red Data Book of the International union of nature protection and natural resources.

The AMERICAN MONKEYS, the same, that shirokonosye monkeys.

RHEAS, the same, that nandu.

The AMERICAN LEGION, in the USA organization of participants of different wars, founded in 1919, holds on to conservative orientation in political-military problems.

The AMERICAN TROTTER, legkouprjazhnaja breed of horses, is introduced in is grey. 19 century in the USA. Are wanton, hardy. In Russia the crossing with the Oryol trotter introduces Russian trotter. Cultivate in the Sowing. To America and Europe predominary for the sporting purposes.

The AMERICAN FOOTBALL, the sporting command game with an oval ball in the USA (since 1870th), Canada, etc. countries. It is similar to rugby.

AMERICANS of the UNITED STATES of AMERICA, people, the main{basic} population the USA. An aggregate number 194,2 million person (1992), including in the USA 193 million person. Number in Canada 350 thousand person, Mexico 135 thousand person, the Great Britain 120 thousand person. Speak on the American version of the English tongue. Protesters believing main{basic} and roman catholics.

AMERIKJAN TSolak Keropovich (1887-1964), the actor, the national actor of Armenia (1947). On the scene with 1909. With 1931 at the Armenian theatre him{it}. Mravjana.

AMERINDY (abbr. from English American Indians), a name title of Indians of America.

AMERICIUM (an armour. Americium), Am, the chemical element of III group of a periodic system, atomic number 95, falls into to actinoids. It is radioactive, most stable isotope 243Am (a half - life 7370 flying). The title from the word "America" (on a place of discovering). Silvery metal, firmness of 13,67 g / sm3, tïë 1173 °C. It is received{obtained} artificially. A mix 241Am and 9Be - a neutron-source in a non-destructive testing.

AMERLING (Amerling) the Karelian Glory (1807-84), the Czech person prominent in cultural matters and national education. Tutorials and methodical allowances on natural sciences.

AMERSFORT (Amersfoort), city in Netherlands. 102 thousand inhabitants (1991). A machine industry and metal working, a chemical, alimentary, textile industry.

AMETHYST, mineral, diaphanous violet version of crystal. Colour often irregular. Large, beautifully colored crystals of an amethyst - precious stones. Manufacture of synthetic amethysts is adjusted.

AMETHYSTS Ernest Mihajlovich (r. 1934), the Russian statesman, the lawyer, the expert in range of the international law. With 1968 on scientific activity. With 1991 member of the Constitutional court of the Russian Federation.

AMETROPIA (from grech. ametros - disproportionate and ops - an eye), violation{disturbance} of a refraction (refrangibility) of an eye in the form of a near-sightedness or a hyperopia.

AMET-KHAN the Anthurus (1920-71), doubly the Hero of Soviet Union (1943, 1945), the lieutenant colonel (1946), the deserved pilot - verifier of the USSR (1961). In Great Domestic war in a fighter aviation; 150 air breakages, has personally knocked down 30 and in group of 19 airplanes. Has tested{experienced} over 100 airplanes. The state premium of the USSR (1953). Has perished at airplane test.

AMIDE, a Japanese name buddy Amitabhi, lords of paradise.

AMIDOL (hydrochloride 2, 4-äèàìèíîôåíîëà), grayish crystals. In a water solution it is fast oxidized with oxygen of air. Showing substance in a photo.

AMIDES of the ACIDS, derivative acids in which molecules the He - group is displaced on amino group NH2. Napr., an amide of sulfuric acid H2SO4 - sulphaminic acid HOSO2NH2; an amide of acetic acid CH3COOH - acetamide CH3CONH2; a full amide of metacarbonic acid H2CO3 - carbamide NH2CONH2 (urea).

AMIK, in the Grecian mythology son Posejdona, tsar bebrikov. Has called on kulachnyj crocked eggs of the argonauts, pulled in to the shore his{its} countries. It is killed in duel Polidevkom.

AMYLASES, ferments of a class of the hydrolases, catalyzing hydrolytic decomposition of polysaccharides (starch, a glycogen, etc.) for all living organisms. Participate during digestion for the person and animal. Are used in a distillery industry and in a bread baking, and also by manufacture of a glucose.

AMYL ACETATE, CH3COOC5H11, a colourless liquid with a fruity odor, têèï 149,2 °C. The solvent of coating compositions, extragent.

AMYLE NITRITES, esters of amyl alcoholes and nitrous acid HNÎ2. One of amyle nitrites - izoamilnitrit (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2ONO (a yellow liquid with a fruity odor, têèï 99 °C) - a vasohypotonic medicinal preparation and antidote at a hydrocyanism and its{her} salts.

AMYL ALCOHOLES, C5H11OH. From 8 structure isomerides the greatest value has isoamyl alcohol (CH3) 2CHCH2CH2OH - the main{basic} component of a fusel oil; a colourless liquid with off-flavour, têèï 132,1 °C. From amyl alcoholes receive primarily esters - amyl acetate, isoamyl acetate.

AMYLOSE, the linear polysaccharide derivated by residues of a glucose. Is part some starch (routinely 10-30 %). The solution of an amylose is imbued by an iodine in blue colour.

LARDACEOUS, proteinaceous - carbohydrate dystrophia; education and systemic (or local) adjournment in tissues of a proteic substance of an amyloid; it is stipulated generically (napr., at periodic{batch} disease); can arise as complication of persistent infections (napr., an osteomyelitis), etc.

AMYLOPECTIN, the branched polysaccharide derivated by residues of a glucose. Is part some starch (routinely 70-90 %). In t. n. Wax-likes grades of corn, barley, rice starch will consist only of an amylopectin. The solution of an amylopectin is imbued by an iodine in red violet colour.

AMYLOPLASTS, see. Leucoplasts.

AMIMIA, absence of a facial expression at mental disorders, a parkinsonism, a defeat of facial nerves.

AMINE - BACK Zebo Muhiddinovna (r. 1948), the Tadjik actress, the ballet master, the national actress of the USSR (1986). On the scene with 1965. With 1978 artistic administrator of Tadjik vokalno-choreographic band "Zebo" built by her{it}.