AMBLYOPIA (from grech. amblys - blunt, loosened and ops - an eye), the slackening of sight stipulated by the functional distresses of the visual evaluator.

AMBODIK-MAKSIMOVICH Nestor Maksimovich (1744-1812), one of founders of a scientific obstetrics and creators of a medical nomenclature in Russia, the first Russian professor of an obstetrics. The writer of the first Russian guiding on an obstetrics, medicochirurgical, anatomo-physiological and new botanical dictionarys.

AMBON (Ambon), main city and a port of islands Molukkskih in Indonesia, on about. Ambon, an administrative centre prov. Maluku. 206 thousand inhabitants (1990). Fishery. University.

AMBONTSY (the self-title - ambointsy), people in Indonesia. Number of 600 thousand person (1992), an aggregate number of 635 thousand person. Tongue malayan. Believers - christians - reformaty, moslems - sunnity.

AMBERGRIS (from the arab. anbar), voskopodobnoe the substance which is generatrix in a digestive tract of a cachalot; sometimes an ambergris find in water or on coast. Use in perfumery (as fixing agent of aroma of spirits).

AMBRAZAJTITE (Ambrazaityte) Niele (r. 1939), the Lithuanian singer (mezzo-soprano), the national actress of the USSR (1977). With 1966 at the Lithuanian theatre of opera and ballet.

EMBRASURE (frants. embrasure), an aperture in a shore fortification for a delivery of fire from instruments, a small arms and supervision{observation}. See also the Loophole.

RAGWEED, in botany - 1) scurfs of a mycelium of some thecasporous fungi, courses lining in wood in which the larvas of bugs - bark beetles eating this mycelium live. 2) the Stem annotinous and perennial grasses of a set of a thistle family. 40 kinds{views}, primarily in America; as zanosnye in many countries; quarantine weeds. Pollen of a ragweed (in mass) invokes{produces} a hay fever.

RAGWEED (ambrosija) (grech. ambrosia), in the Grecian mythology " nutrition of gods ". A ragweed together with a nectar (" a beverage of gods ") give gods immortality and a perpetually youth.

AMBROLAURI, city (with 1966) in Georgia on r. Rioni. 3 thousand inhabitants (1991). A flavoring industry; a clothing factory. Theatre. A museum of fine arts.

AMBROS (Ambros) August Wilhelm (1816-76), the Austrian historian of music, the composer. The professor of the Prague conservatory and university (with 1869), the Austrian conservatory (with 1872).

AMBULATORY (from an armour. ambulatorius - committed on the move), treatment-and-prophylactic establishment predominary in village districts, at the separate enterprises, etc., helping coming ill and domiciliary on the main{basic} medical trades (therapy, surgery, an obstetrics, a pedonosology).

OUT-PATIENT MAP, see in an item. A case history.

AMBUNDU (mbundu, the self-title - kimbundu), people of group to a bow in Angola. 2,15 million person (1992). Tongue kimbundu. Hold on basically of traditional cults. There are roman catholics and adherents of syncretic cults.

EMBOUCHURE (frants. embouchure, from bouche - companies), a way of a folding of lips, tongue at the game on duhovyh musical instruments.

AMBO (from grech. ambon - elevation), in orthodox tserkvah elevation before an altar from which sermons are uttered, is read gospels.

AMVROSIEVKA, city (with 1938) on Ukraine, Donetsk region. A depot. 24,1 thousand inhabitants (1991). Cement combine, the enterprises mild, a food-processing industry, etc. The Istoriko-study of local lore museum.

AMBROSE (in the world Zertis-Kamensky Andrey Stepanovich) (1708-71), the Russian church figure and the writer, archbishop Moscow (1768), the writer of transfer{translation} "Psaltiri" from a biblical Hebrew.

AMBROSE (in the world Kljucharev Alexey Iosifovich) (1821-1901), the Russian spiritual writer and the church figure, archbishop Kharkov (with 1882). Compositions: " the Alive Word " (1882), " the Full homiliary " (1902).

AMBROSE (1791-1863), bosno-saraevsky metropolitan (1835); in 1846 has transfered in staroobrjadchestvo, having laid foundation belokrinitskoj hierarchies.

AMBROSE (in the world Ornatsky Andrey Antipovich) (1778-1827), the Russian spiritual writer, diocesan Penza and Saransky (with 1819), with 1825 in Kirillo-Belozersky a monastery. The writer of " the History of the Russian hierarchy " (t. 1-6, 1807-15).

AMBROSE (in the world Podobedov Andrey) (1742-1818), the Russian church figure, the ecclesiast; metropolitan Novgorod and St.-Petersburg (with 1801), the rector of the Moscow spiritual academy. Has constituted " the Guiding to reading the Scriptus Dilapidated and the New testament " (1779, it is reissued 1811).

AMBROSE (in the world Protasov Alexey Ivanovich) (1762-1841), the Russian church figure, the ecclesiast; archbishop Kazan and Tver, the rector of the Petersburg spiritual academy. The writer of " Latin grammar " for spiritual schools; the collection of sermons " Words and speeches " (1856).

AMBROSE (in the world Serebrennikov (or Serebryakov) Abraham) (1745-92), the Russian church figure, the ecclesiast. Archbishop Ekaterinoslavsky (1786), the locum tenen ekzarhii Moldo-Vlahijskoj (1789). The writer " the Quick reference guide to an oratorio Russian " (1778); has transferred{translated} " Lost paradise " Milton (1780; 2 izd., 1802).

AMBROSE (in the world Yushkevich Andrey) (1690-1745), archbishop Novgorod, the ecclesiast. The handwritten composition " the Substantial indication{reading} of differences between grecheskoju and rimskoju papskoju church ".

AMBROSE Optinsky (in the world Alexander Mihajlovich Grenkov) (1812-91), ieroshimonah, starets, the spiritual writer. In " the Collection of letters and points... " (hours 1-2, 1894-97), " Collection of letters... To temporal persons " (1906) - proniknutoe an atmosphere of direct dialogue with the interlocutor nauchenie to principles of Christian life. It is sainted by Russian orthodox church.

AMGA, the river in Yakutia, the left-handed in-leak{influx} of Aldan. 1462 kms, the area of basin of 69,3 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water ok. 190 m3 / with. It is navigable on 472 kms.

AMGUN, the river in Khabarovsk kr., the left-handed in-leak{influx} of Amur. 723 kms, the area of basin of 55,5 thousand êì2. Average discharge of water 600 m3 / with. It is navigable on 330 kms. It is affluent a fish (a Siberian salmon, a humpback, the sturgeon).

AMGUEMA, the river on north-east of the Russian Federation. 498 kms, the area of basin of 28 thousand êì2. The m runs in Chukchi.

AMGUEMA, the river on north-east of the Russian Federation. 498 kms, the area of basin of 28 thousand êì2. The m runs in Chukchi.

AMDERMA, a urban settlement in the Russian Federation, Nenets avt. Okroes., in 940 kms from Naryan-Mar, to the orient from prol. Yugorski Shar, a port on shore Karskogo in m. of 5,1 thousand inhabitants (1989). Bliz Amdermy - deposits of fluorite.

AMDO, the title of a north-east part of plateau of Tibet, in China. An altitude of 3500-5000 m. Dry steppes.

AMEBEJNAJA the COMPOSITION (from grech. amoibaios - alternate, alternating), a composition (routinely poetic), at which during all product{creation} fragments (verses, stanzas), the bound among themselves parallelism (V.J.Bryusov "Stone mason") alternate. Goes back to alternate singing of 2 singers or choruses in national creativity.

AMEBIASIS of the person (amebic dysentery), chronic invazionnoe disease: a recidivous gemorragicheski-ulcerous colitis, sometimes with abscesses in a liver, etc. organs.

AMEBOTSITY, the colourless blood cells of Invertebrata conforming to leucocytes of vertebrates and the person.

AMOEBAS, a class (or order) Protozoa superclass of Rhizopoda. The dimensions from 15-20 a micron up to 1 mm and more. The majority dwells{lives} in fresh water reservoirs, some in soil; there are parasitic forms, napr. A dysenteric amoeba.

AMEZIUS (Amesius) Giljelmus (latinizir. The form of a name of William Ejmza, Ames) (1576-1633), English reformatsky the seminary student. The professor of divinity in Franekere (1621). Held on to stringent puritan views; compositions against Arminius, remonstrants and roman catholics.

AMENEMHET I, the egyptian pharaon ok. 2000-1970 up to n. e., the founder of XII dynasty. Struggled for intensifying of a central authority. "Lecture" Amenemheta I to his{its} son Senusertu was saved.

AMENEMHET III, the egyptian pharaon ok. 1849-1801 up to n. e., from XII dynasty. Greeks attributed to him construction of the huge building in Fajjume, received the title "Labyrinth".

AMENORRHEA (from and - a negative prefix and grech. men - month, rheo - I stream), absence of a menses. The physiological amenorrhea is supervised in nursery age, during pregnancy, lactation and in the season{term} of a menopause; a pathological amenorrhea - at hereditary, endocrine, nervous, gynecologic diseases.

AMENTET, in egyptian mythology the goddess of a kingdom dead, the patroness died, vstrechajushaja them in Duate.

AMENHOTEP III, the egyptian pharaon ok. 1405-1367 up to n. e., from XVIII dynasty. At a nem the power of Egypt has reached{achieved} apogee, sooruzheny temple Amona-Ra in Luxor and a doleful temple with huge statues Amenhotepa III - " colossuses Memnona ".

AMENHOTEP IV, the egyptian pharaon in 1368-1351 up to n. e., son Amenhotepa III. Attempting to break power fivanskogo hieratic priesthoods and aged znati, has acted as the religious reformer, having entered a new state cult of god Atona and having made capital of the state of. Ahetaton (the modern Amarna), itself has accepted name Ehnaton (characters. " ugodnyj Atonu ").

AMENTIA (from an armour. amentia - a folly), a kind{view} of a stupefaction (an incoherence of intellection, a fragmentariness of perception, inordinate exaltation with a consequent amnesia).

AMERIGO VESPUCHCHI, see Vespuchchi And.

AMERICA, the parts of the world formed by 2 mainlands - Boreal America and South America; border{limit} between them routinely carry out{conduct} on Darjenskomu, sometimes Panama to isthmuses. It is located in Western hemisphere, between Atlantic and Quiet ok. In the Sowing. To America often secrete Central America and islands of West Indies. Into structure of America enter also about. Greenland and a number{series} of other neighboring islands. A gross area of America 42,5 million êì2. The population 724 million person (1990).

AMERICA BOREAL, see Boreal America.

AMERICA CENTRAL, see Central America.

AMERICA AUSTRAL, see South America.